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Strategi Wacana Diplomatik Tiongkok dalam Perang Dagang dengan Amerika Serikat: Sebuah Perspektif Pragmatik
(1) Universitas Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan
(2) Universitas Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi wacana diplomatik Tiongkok dalam menyikapi perang dagang dengan Amerika Serikat (AS) melalui analisis tindak tutur yang didasarkan pada teori Searle. Fokus analisis adalah pernyataan juru bicara Kementerian Luar Negeri Tiongkok, Lin Jian, pada konferensi pers 8, 10, dan 14 April 2025. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan dari transkrip resmi dan dianalisis melalui model interaktif Miles dkk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindak tutur asertif paling dominan, diikuti direktif, komisif, ekspresif, dan deklaratif. Fungsi dan makna tindak tutur asertif digunakan untuk membentuk persepsi global yang menggambarkan AS sebagai pihak irasional. Tindak tutur direktif berfungsi dan bermakna menunjukkan dorongan agar AS menghentikan kebijakan tarif dan memilih dialog. Fungi dan makna tindak tutur komisif untuk menegaskan komitmen Tiongkok dalam membela kepentingan nasional. Tindak tutur ekspresif berfungsi dan bermakna mengungkapkan emosi dan sikap Tiongkok. Fungsi dan makna tindak tutur deklaratif sebagai wujud tindakan langsung yang dilakukan pemerintah Tiongkok, misalnya dengan memberi sanksi berupa pembatasan visa bagi tentara AS. Temuan ini menunjukkan upaya Tiongkok dalam menyampaikan pandangan, membentuk opini global, dan menunjukkan sikap diplomatik melalui tindak tutur. Semua itu berperan penting dalam membangun status dan otoritas dalam wacana politik internasional. Studi ini menekankan bahwa bahasa diplomatik bersifat ideologis dan performatif. Studi ini memperkuat pemahaman bahwa bahasa diplomatik bukanlah cara komunikasi yang netral, tetapi alat yang digunakan oleh negara-negara untuk mengekspresikan sikap ideologis, membangun identitas, dan memengaruhi persepsi publik global. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan membandingkan wacana dari kedua negara dan mempertimbangkan aspek non-verbal yang dapat memengaruhi pesan diplomatik.
China's Diplomatic Discourse Strategy in the Trade War with the United States: A Pragmatic Perspective
This study aims to analyze China's diplomatic discourse strategy in responding to the trade war with the United States (US) through speech act analysis based on Searle's theory. The focus of the analysis is the statements of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson, Lin Jian, at press conferences on April 8, 10, and 14, 2025. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected from official transcripts and analyzed through Miles et al.'s interactive model. The results show that assertive speech acts are the most dominant, followed by directives, commissives, expressives, and declaratives. The function and meaning of assertive speech acts are used to shape global perceptions that portray the US as irrational. Directive speech acts function and meaning to show encouragement for the US to stop tariff policies and choose dialogue. The function and meaning of commissive speech acts are to emphasize China's commitment to defending national interests. Expressive speech acts function and meaning to reveal China's emotions and attitudes. The function and meaning of declarative speech acts are a form of direct action taken by the Chinese government, for example, by imposing sanctions in the form of visa restrictions for US soldiers. These findings demonstrate China's efforts to convey views, shape global opinion, and demonstrate diplomatic attitudes through speech acts. All of these play a crucial role in constructing status and authority in international political discourse. This study emphasizes the ideological and performative nature of diplomatic language. This study reinforces the understanding that diplomatic language is not a neutral means of communication, but rather a tool used by states to express ideological stances, construct identities, and influence global public perception. Future research is recommended to compare the discourses of both countries and consider non-verbal aspects that may influence diplomatic messages.
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