Time-Limited Waqf in Indonesian and Yemeni Law: A Comparative Study Based on National Legislation and Fiqh Approaches

Mohsen Farid Abdulrahman Al-Baiti; Ahmad Khoirudin

doi:10.24235/jm.v10i1.20933

Time-Limited Waqf in Indonesian and Yemeni Law: A Comparative Study Based on National Legislation and Fiqh Approaches

Mohsen Farid Abdulrahman Al-Baiti^(1*), Ahmad Khoirudin⁽²⁾,

(1) Al-Ahgaff University
(2) UIN Siber Syekh Nurjati Cirebon
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

This study compares the regulation of time-limited waqf berjangka in Indonesia and Yemen, focusing on Indonesia's Law No. 41 of 2004 on Waqf and Yemen's Qānūn al-Waqf al-Sharʿī of 1992. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the validity of temporary endowments (mu'aqqat) within both legal systems and how national regulations affect the acceptance of time-limited endowments. In Indonesia, time-limited endowments are explicitly accommodated in the law, allowing for more flexible management of endowments. In contrast, Yemen's regulations prioritize the permanent (taʾbīd) nature of waqf, limiting the possibility of time-limited endowments. This study employs a cross-mazhab fiqh approach, comparing the views of the Maliki school, which permits temporary endowments, with the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools, which tend to reject them. The findings of this study reveal a shift in the legal paradigm of waqf, from traditional practices to a more modern model, influenced by the social, political, and economic dynamics in each country. The novelty of this research lies in the direct comparison of two different legal systems, offering a new perspective on the acceptance and application of time-limited waqf in the context of socio-economic development. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of waqf in contemporary legal dynamics.

Keywords: time-limited waqf; waqf law; Indonesia; Yemen; Fiqh; Comparative Law

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ab Rahman, M. F., Abdullah Thaidi, H. ‘Azeemi, Mohamad Suhaimi, F., & Ab Rahim, S. F. (2024). Proposed temporary waqf model for family waqf implementation in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 15(1), 56–78.

Afifuddin, N., Rosidah, L., & Sutrisno, E. (2021). Sejarah Perkembangan Wakaf dalam Persepektif Hukum Islam dan Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia. CV Jejak (Jejak Publisher).

Agrawal, A. (2024). Waqf in Muslim Law. LawBhoomi. https://lawbhoomi.com/waqf-in-muslim-law/

Al-Marghinani, B. al-D. (2013). The Hedaya, Or Guide: A Commentary on the Mussulman Laws (Vol. 2). Cambridge University Press.

Al-Nawawi, Y. ibn S. (n.d.). Al-Majmu’ Sharh al-Muhadhdhab. Buku Islam Rahmatan.

Al-Qaradawi, Y. (1990). Madkhal li Dirâsat al-Syarî ‘ah al-Islâmiyyah. Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 1421.

Al-Sarakhsi. (1985). Al Mabsu. Dar al-Fikr.

Alaghbari, W. (2022). Land Problems And Disputes In Yemen.

Awqaf Australia. (2025). A Billion-dollar Waqf Empire: The Gardens of Uthman RA. Awqaf Australia. https://awqaf.org.au/notable-waqfs/a-billion-dollar-waqf-empire

Azrak, T. (2022). The roles of cash waqf in improving the economic welfare: Case study of Turkey. The Journal of Management Theory and Practice (JMTP), 3(1), 42–47.

Bakar, A. Y. A., & Gunardi, S. (2023). Model wakaf korporat sahabat sebagai rujukan model pembangunan ummah. Journal Islamic Philanthrophy and Social Finance, 5(1), 10–21.

Departemen Agama RI. (2019). Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahan. Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf al-Qur’an Balitbang Kemenag RI.

DSN-MUI. (2002). Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 2/DSN-MUI/IV/2002 tentang Wakaf Uang.

Elmahgop, F., Alsulami, F., Mohammed, M. G. A., Abdel-Gadir, S., & Elhassan, T. (2025). The Socio-Economic Impacts of Waqf Investment Funds as a Model for Sustainable Financing in Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 17(9), 3805.

Government Regulation. (2006). Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 42 Tahun 2006 tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Wakaf [Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006 on the Implementation of the Waqf Law].

Hafizd, J. Z. (2021). Kedudukan Wakaf Dalam Ekonomi Dan Strategi Pengembangannya. Mahkamah: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 6(1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/mahkamah.v6i1.7854

Hafizd, J. Z. (2022). Pengembangan Wakaf Tunai Melalui Dakwah Berbasis Masjid. ORASI: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 13(1), 109–120.

Hajeb, A. (2025). An Assessment of the Current Reality and a Forward-Looking Analysis of the Future of Localisation in Yemen. Available at SSRN 5276459.

Jamal, M. (2022). The concept of waqf from worldview theory: The study of Sharia-philosophy. ULUL ALBAB: Jurnal Studi Islam, 23(1), 22–41.

Johari, J., Wahidin, W., Maghfirah, M., Zulkifli, Z., Mawardi, M., & Maulidizen, A. (2024). The Role of Temporary Waqf in Improving the Social Welfare of the Muslim Community. Available at SSRN 5038463.

Kahf, M. (2003). The role of waqf in improving the ummah welfare. International Seminar on Waqf as a Private Legal Body, 6(1), 1–26.

Kasanah, N. (2019). Wakaf Uang Dalam Tinjauan Hukum, Potensi, Dan Tata Kelola. Jurnal Muslim Heritage, 4(01).

KHI. (1991). Kompilasi Hukum Islam [Compilation of Islamic Law].

Khusaini, M. (2020). Wakaf Muaqqat Perspektif Mazhab Syafi’i. IAIN Metro.

Law. (2004). Undang-Undang RI Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf [The Republic of Indonesia Law Number 41 of 2004 on Waqf].

Lita, H. N. (2020). The implementation of waqf to actualize economic justice based on Islamic law. PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law), 7(1), 1–18.

Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs Kuwait. (2020). Madūwanat Aḥkām al-Waqf al-Fiqhiyyah (مدونة أحكام الوقف الفقهية). al-Amānah al-‘Āmmah li al-Awqāf.

Mughniyya, M. J. (2025). The Five Schools Islamic Law. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. https://al-islam.org/five-schools-islamic-law-muhammad-jawad-mughniyya/10-waqf

Nabi, M. G., Islam, M. A., Bakar, R., & Masuduzzaman, M. (2019). Using waqf for socio-economic development in Bangladesh: Potentials, challenges, and policy directions. Revitalization of Waqf for Socio-Economic Development, Volume I, 107–133.

Nor, M. Z. M., & Mohamad, A. M. (2023). Waqf in Medieval Islam: an Overview. Russian Law Journal, 11(4S), 38–44.

Qānūn. (1992). Yemen’s Qānūn al-Waqf al-Sharʿī [Law of Islamic Endowments] Law No. 23 of 1992. Republic of Yemen. https://www.cocayemen.com/laws/300

Qudāmah, M. al-D. I. (n.d.). Al-Mughnī.

Rushd, I. (2003). Bidayat al-mujtahid wa nihayat al-muqtasid. Dar al-Kotob al-IImiyah.

Shaikh, S. A., Ismail, A. G., & Mohd Shafiai, M. H. (2017). Application of waqf for social and development finance. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 9(1), 5–14.

Suteki, & Gaufani, G. (2020). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum (Filsafat, Teori & Praktis). RajaGrafindo Persada.

Syakir, A. (2018). Pemberdayaan ekonomi umat islam indonesia melalui wakaf produktif. Al-Intaj: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 2(1).

Thabrani, N. (2010). Wakaf Menurut Al-Sarakhsi Dalam Kitab Al-Mabsuth Dan Korelasinya Dengan Wakaf Di Indonesia. Falasifa, 1, 47–58.

Zahrah, M. A. (1959). Muḥāḍarāt fī al-Waqf. Jāmiʻat al-Duwal al-ʻArabīyah, Maʻhad al-Dirāsāt al-ʻArabīyah al-ʻĀliyah.

Zainal, V. R. (2016). Pengelolaan dan pengembangan wakaf produktif. Al-Awqaf: Jurnal Wakaf Dan Ekonomi Islam, 9(1), 1–16.

Zauro, N. A., Saad, R. A. J., Ahmi, A., & Mohd Hussin, M. Y. (2020). Integration of Waqf towards enhancing financial inclusion and socio-economic justice in Nigeria. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 36(4), 491–505.

DOI: 10.24235/jm.v10i1.20933