Istilah Politik Populer pada Pemilu Presiden Indonesia di Media Berita Online

Abd. Rahim(1), Jenri Ambarita(2), Nursalam Nursalam(3), Agik Nur Efendy(4), Callista Buena Sinamo(5*), Nurindah Purnama Sari(6),


(1) Universitas Negeri Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan
(2) Hoseo University, Republic of Korea
(3) UIN Abdul Muthalib Sangadji Ambon, Maluku
(4) Universitas Islam Negeri Madura, Jawa Timur
(5) Universitas Negeri Malang, Jawa Timur
(6) Universitas Negeri Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Istilah politik populer digunakan sebagai strategi retorika untuk membangun citra politik positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap makna istilah politik yang populer digunakan pada pemilihan Presiden Indonesia dan bagaimana istilah politik tersebut dikonstruksi  untuk memengaruhi opini publik. Sumber data penelitian ialah media berita online yang dianalisis melalui aplikasi Nvivo 12 Pro. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Analisis Wacana Kritis dengan mengadopsi teori Nourman Fairclough, teori semiotika sosial Van Leeuwen, dan teori Framing Goffman untuk menjelaskan makna istilah politik dan bagaimana istilah politik tersebut dikonstruksi sebagai wacana politik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada 5 istilah politik populer pada pemilihan Presiden Indonesia, seperti gemoy, cawe-cawe, politik identitas, king maker, dan endorsement. Istilah politik tersebut secara umum bermakna sebagai alat narasi politik untuk mendapatkan dukungan publik dalam kontestasi pemilihan Presiden Indonesia. Istilah politik tersebut dikonstruksi  sebagai wacana politik berdasarkan aspek situasional, aspek institusional, dan aspek sosial. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan bagi perkembangan ilmu wacana dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan literasi politik masyarakat dengan memahami peran bahasa dalam membentuk opini politik.

Popular Political Terms in the Indonesian Presidential Election in Online News Media

Popular political terms are used as a rhetorical strategy to build a positive political image. This study aims to uncover the meanings of political terms commonly used in the Indonesian Presidential Election and how these terms are constructed to influence public opinion. The data sources for this research are online news media, analyzed using the Nvivo 12 Pro application. This study employs a Critical Discourse Analysis approach, adopting the theories of Norman Fairclough, Van Leeuwen's social semiotics, and Goffman's framing theory to explain the meaning of political terms and how they are constructed as political discourse. The findings of this study show that there are five popular political terms in the Indonesian Presidential Election, such as "gemoy," "cawe-cawe," "political identity," "kingmaker," and "endorsement." These political terms generally function as tools for political narratives to gain public support in the presidential election contest. The political terms are constructed as political discourse based on situational, institutional, and social aspects. This research contributes significantly to the development of discourse studies and is expected to enhance political literacy among the public by understanding the role of language in shaping political opinions.


Keywords


critical discourse analysis; political discourse; political terms; presidential election

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdi, R., & Basaratie, A. (2016). A Critical Analysis of the Representation of Yemen Crisis in Ideologically-Loaded Newspaper Headlines. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 16(3), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2016-1603-03

Ahmadi F, Y., & Fauziya, D. S. (2019). Inferensi Dalam Wacana Tebak Kata di Acara Waktu Indonesia Bercanda. KEMBARA: Journal of Scientific Language Literature and Teaching, 5(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v5i1.6787

Alias, N. (2019). Analisis Perbandingan Penanda Wacana Pernyataan Semula Bahasa Melayu Iaitu dan Bahasa Sepanyol Esto es (A Comparative Analysis of Malay Reformulation Marker Iaitu and Spanish Reformulation Marker Esto es). GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 19(4), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2019-1904-19

Ambarsari, C. F., Gizka, A. F., Zerlinda, N., Namira, S. M. P., Maulidya, E. P. G., & Arum, D. P. (2024). Bahasa Indonesia Dalam Komunikasi Politik: Variasi Gaya Bahasa Calon Presiden Dalam Debat Pertama Pilpres 2024. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(2), 5702–5720. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i2.9989

Andajani, K., Pratiwi, Y., Roekhan, Malik, A. R., Prastio, B., Maulidina, A., & Marzuki. (2023). Exploring terminology of the beauty Jamu and the beauty metaphor of East Java women-Indonesia: An eco-linguistics study. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2268387

Ardipandanto, A. (2020). Dampak Politik Identitas Pada Pilpres 2019: Perspektif Populisme. Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri dan Hubungan Internasional, 11(1), 43–63. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v11i1.1582

Baldwin-Philippi, J. (2014). Presidential Campaigning in the Internet Age , by Jennifer Stromer-Galley. Political Communication, 31(4), 682–684. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2014.956036

Boudreau, C. (2020). The Persuasion Effects of Political Endorsements. In E. Suhay, B. Grofman, & A. H. Trechsel (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion (pp. 223–242). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.32

Bouvier, G., & Machin, D. (2018). Critical discourse analysis and the challenges and opportunities of social media. Review of Communication, 18(3), 178–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/15358593.2018.1479881

Brugman, B. C., Burgers, C., & Vis, B. (2019). Metaphorical framing in political discourse through words vs concepts: A meta-analysis. Language and Cognition, 11(1), 41–65. https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2019.5

Carlos, J., & Motos, P. (2015). Political and Social Terms In. Societal Studies, 2236(1), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-15-7-1-10

Castells, M. (2012). Networks of outrage and hope - social movements in the Internet age. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 25(3), 398–402. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edt020

Chandra, E. (2018). Youtube, Citra Media Informasi Interaktif Atau Media Penyampaian Aspirasi Pribadi. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni, 1(2), 406. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v1i2.1035

Collin, R. (2016). Introducing Jameson to critical discourse analysis. Critical Discourse Studies, 13(2), 158–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2015.1042393

Craib, I. (1978). Erving Goffman: Frame Analysis. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 8, 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/004839317800800108.

Dezhkameh, A., Layegh, N., & Hadidi, Y. (2021). A Critical Discourse Analysis of Covid-19 in American and Iranian Newspapers A Critical Discourse Analysis of Covid-19 in Iranian and American Newspapers. August. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2021-2103-13

Eltama, N. F., Saputri, N. A. B., Fatimah, A. R. A., Mu’az, K., Ramadhani, D., Sari, D. E., Julianto, R., & Sunarti, S. (2024). Eksplorasi Kualitatif Pengambilan Keputusan Individu Dan Perilaku Organisasi. Journal of Economic, Management, Business, Accounting Sustainability, 1(3), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.69693/joembas.v1i3.42

Erwin. (2023). Ekspresi Tutur Pejabat Publik dalam Wacana Percakapan Virtual di Facebook ( Public Officials ’ Speech Expressions in Virtual Conversation Discourse on Facebook ). Indonesian Language Education and Literature, 9(1), 143–161. https://doi.org/10.24235/ileal.v9i1.14366

Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. Longman.

Fairclough, N. (2010). Critical Discourse Analysis The Critical Study of Language. Routledge.

Farroza, K. S., Yahya, A. A., Ramadhani, A. N., Susilo, G. P., Setiawan, D. D., Gunawan, M. D. R., & Rahmawati, R. (2024). Strategi Komunikasi Politik Pasangan Anies Baswedan dan Muhaimin Iskandar di Instagram @Ubahbareng untuk Meningkatkan Citra Positif dalam Pemilu 2024. Jurnal Penelitian Inovatif, 4(4), 2349–2362. https://doi.org/10.54082/jupin.877

Hart, C. (2023). Frames, framing and framing effects in cognitive CDA. Discourse Studies, 25(2), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614456231155071

Hesabi, A., Amirian, Z., & Nazari, J. (2017). Applied Research on English Language Political Terms by APLL : Issues of Terminology Implantation. 339–362. https://doi.org/10.22108/are.2017.78044.0

How, C. (2022). A Critical Discourse Study on Meghan and Harry’s CBS Primetime Interview. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 22(2), 219–235. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2022-2202-12

Imansari, N. G. (2021). Konstruksi Berita Media Massa dalam Bingkai Kapitalisme Media. Kalijaga Journal of Communication, 3(1), 47–62.

Keshavarz, Y., & Afshari, N. (2019). Analysis of the use of political terms adopted by the academy of the language in the political section of the press. 4, 587–591.

Khotimah, K., & Kusuma, E. R. (2024). Kontestasi Wacana Politik dalam Debat Capres RI 2024. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Metalingua, 9(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.21107/metalingua.v9i1.25094

Khotimah, K., & Kusuma, E. R. (2024). Kontestasi Wacana Politik dalam Debat Capres RI 2024 Kajian Pragma-Dialektikal. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Metalingua, 9(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.21107/metalingua.v9i1.25094

Maulana, E. (2019). Perilaku Politik Masyarakat dalam Pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Tahun 2019 di Kecamatan Cimerak Kabupaten Pangandaran. Jurnal MODERAT, 5(3), 335–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.25147/moderat.v5i3.2716

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis (Second edi). Sage Publications: International Educational and Professional Publisher.

Minto, W. D., & Azwar, R. (2021). Posisi Najwa Shihab Pada Acara Mata Najwa di Trans7 (Najwa Shihab ’ s Position at the Mata Najwa Event on Trans7). 7(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.24235/ileal.v7i1.9029

Moran, M. (2020). (Un)troubling identity politics: A cultural materialist intervention. European Journal of Social Theory, 23(2), 258–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431018819722

Mu, J., & Ma, R. (2022). A CiteSpace-based analysis of the application of Critical Discourse Analysis in news discourse. Discourse and Communication, 16(4), 403–425. https://doi.org/10.1177/17504813211070670

Nartey, M., & Ernanda. (2020). Formulating emancipatory discourses and reconstructing resistance: a positive discourse analysis of Sukarno’s speech at the first Afro-Asian conference. Critical Discourse Studies, 17(1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2019.1617758

Noor, N., & Hamid, B. A. (2021). Cyberbullying in the Name of God: Critical Discourse Analysis of Online Responses to the Act of De-hijabbing in Malaysia. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature, 27(4), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2021-2704-15

Noury, A., & Roland, G. (2020). Identity Politics and Populism in Europe. Annual Review ofPolitical Science, 23, 421–439.

Nursalam, Mustafa, I., Rahim, A., & Ismail, A. (2022). Konstruksi Penciptaan Fantasi dan Wacana Pada K-Pop Blackpink. Aksara, 34(2), 227–242.

Nursalam, Mustofa, I., & Nurhikmah. (2019). Wacana Politik Spanduk Miilenial Road Safety Festival: Analisis Wacana Kritis Nourman Fairlough (Political Discourse of Milenial Road Safety Festival: Nourman Fairlough’s Critical Discourse Analysis). Totobuang, 7, 185–197.

Nursalam, N., Santoso, A., Basuki, I. A., Laia, A., Sinamo, Buena, C., Prastio, B., & To. (2024). Exploration of symbolic meanings : a semiotic study of Kelong oral literature performance in Makassar community. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 11(1), -. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2024.2439660

Prastio, B., Santoso, A., Roekhan, Maulidina, A., Numertayasa, I. W., & Suardana, I. P. O. (2023). An ecolinguistic study: The representation of forest conservation practices in the discourse of Anak Dalam Jambi tribe, Indonesia. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 10(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2262788

Purba, A., Rahmadani, P., & Sari, S. (2024). Analisis Wacana Kritis Fairclough Dalam Teks Iklan Sprite 2024. Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Nusantara, 5(2), 2185–2191. https://doi.org/10.55338/jpkmn.v5i2.3158

Roekhan, Pratiwi, Y., Suyitno, I., Prastio, B., Maulidina, A., & Marzuki. (2024). Ethnomedicine of the Sarolangun Malay community: an ecolinguistic study on medicinal plant and healing incantations. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 11(1), -. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2294586

Sari, K., & Pranoto, B. E. (2021). Representation of Government Concerning the Draft of Criminal Code in The Jakarta Post : A Critical Discourse Analysis. 11(2), 98–113.

Smith, A. D. (2019). National identity and the politics of culture. Cambridge University Press.

Suryawati, I., & Jamalullail. (2021). Analisis Wacana Kritis terhadap Berita Pembubaran Front Pembela Islam di Kompas.com. Jurnal KOMUNIKATIF, 10(1), 38–52. https://doi.org/10.33508/jk.v10i1.3040

Sychova, Y. (2021). Identity And Identity Politics: Conceptualization of Phenomena Through The Prism of Constructivism. The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University. Issues of Political Science, 40, 14–20. https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2021-40-02

Tsuria, R. (2020). Discourse of Practice: The Negotiation of Sexual Norms Via Online Religious Discourse. International Journal of Communication, 14, 3595–3613.

van Leeuwen, T. (2018). Moral evaluation in critical discourse analysis. Critical Discourse Studies, 15(2), 140–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2018.1427120

Veisbergs, A. (2024). The Changing Meanings of Political Terms and Their Reflection in Dictionaries. Baltic Journal of English Language, Literature and Culture. https://doi.org/10.22364/bjellc.14.2024.10.

Waldner, D., & Lust, E. (2018). Unwelcome Change : Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding. 93–113.

Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (2021). Methods of Critical Discourse Studies (3rd ed.). In (Eds.). SAGE Publications.

Zaller, J. R. (2012). The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511818691

Zaman, F. (2021). International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction The role of popular discourse about climate change in disaster preparedness : A critical discourse analysis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 60(April), 102270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102270




DOI: 10.24235/ileal.v11i1.19990

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 0 times
PDF - 0 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Language Education and Literature

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

ILEaL Indexed by:

 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Lihat Statistik Jurnal

View MyStat

Gedung Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan, Jurusan Tadris Bahasa Indonesia, Universitas Islam Negeri Siber Syekh Nurjati
Jalan Perjuangan By Pass Sunyaragi Cirebon 45132, Telp. 089667890219
Email: literatureindonesian@gmail.com