SIDANG ISBAT PENENTUAN AWAL BULAN KAMARIAH PRESPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM (Kajian Terhadap penetapan Kementerian Agama RI selaku Ulil Amri)

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Hingga saat ini, upaya Pemerintah c.q Kementerian Agama RI guna mewujudkan penyatuan dalam penentuan awal bulan Kamariah di tanah air masih belum sepenuhnya berhasil, hal ini tampak dengan masih sering terjadinya perbedaan penetapan awal bulan Kamariah di kalangan masyrakat muslim maupun ormas Islam. Padahal, penetapan awal bulan Kamaraiah merupakan suatu persoalan yang sangat penting baagi umat Islam, dikarenakan menyangkut permasalahan ibadah dan penetapan hari libur nasional.

Penelitian ini, penulis tertarik untuk mengkaji tentang bagaimana mekanisme penetapan 1 Ramadan dan 1 Syawal oleh Kementerian Agama, serta bagaimana kedudukan putusan Kementerian Agama RI serta penetapkan 1 Ramadan dan 1 Syawal dalam kajian Hukum Islam.

Penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, yang lebih difokukskan pada penelitian pustaka (library research), dengan data primer buku Keputusan-keputusan Menteri Agama terkait penetapan 1 Ramadan, 1 Syawal, sedangkan data sekunder yang digunakan berupa beberapa buku terkait pedoman hisab rukyat maupun hukum Islam, kaidah fikih, serta beberapa makalah. Melalui data yang ada, penulis menganalisis data dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yang dikaji.

Temuan dalam penulisan ini adalah bahwa Kementerian Agama selaku wakil dari pemerintah yang menangani permasalahan keagamaan di Indonesia, berusaha sesuai aturan dan memutuskan sesuai kebenaran ilmiah yang disepakati. Penetapan 1 Ramadan dan 1 Syawal dalam prespektif hukum Islam menyangkut kemaslahatan umum (maslahat al-’amah) yang berdampak pada semua aspek kehidupan, oleh sebab itu pemerintah dibenarkan ikut campur tangan dan ketika pemerintah sudah menetapkan, maka keputusan tersebut mengikat bagi warganya.

Kata kunci: Sidang Isbat, Awal Bulan Kamariah, Ulil Amri.

ABSTRACT

The efforts of the Government in which case is Religion Ministry of Indonesia to realize unification in the early months of the determination of Kamariah are still not entirely successful, it can be seen from the distinction of beginning of the month Kamariah decision in among the moslem people as well as Islamic organizations. In fact, the determination of the beginning of the month Kamariah is a very important issue for Muslims, due to concerns the issue of worship, especially in terms of the first day of Ramadan and Syawal month decision, this is related to the start and end time of fasting, Idul Fitri and Idul Adha. The determination of the beginning of Kamariah is related to the determination of national holiday.

The authors are interested in reviewing a determination of the mechanisms of how the first day of Ramadan and Syawal by the Ministry of Religion, as well as how the position of the Religious Ministry of Indonesia, the first day of Ramadan and Syawal month decision in studies of Islamic law.

The author uses qualitative research methods in this research, which are more focused on library research, with primary data book decisions of the Religion Minister related to the first day of Ramadan and Syawal month decision while the secondary data used in the form of several related books or sighting reckoning guidelines of Islamic law, rule of jurisprudence, and several papers. Through the data, the authors analyzed the data using qualitative descriptive method to answer the problem formulation.

The findings in this writing are that the Religion Ministry as the representative of the Government handle the problem of religion in Indonesia, trying to run the Government's rules, and decide according an agreed scientific truth. The decision of the first day of Ramadan and Syawal in the perspective of Islamic law is concerning to public benefit (Affairs of al-' amah) which have an impact on all aspects of life, therefore, government intervention is justified and when the Government is already set, then the decision is binding for its citizens.

Keywords: Council of theIsbat, beginning of the month Kamariah, Ulil Amri.