Revitalizing Agricultural Waqf for Sustainable Food Security: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Turkey

Abdul Muizz(1*), Salina Kassim(2), Nazrul Hazizi Noordin(3),


(1) Syekh Nurjati Cyber State Islamic University of Cirebon
(2) Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance, Islamic International University of Malaysia
(3) Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance, Islamic International University of Malaysia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Agricultural waqf represents a strategic instrument of Islamic social finance with the potential to support sustainable food security through asset-based and risk-sharing mechanisms. This study aims to analyze and compare agricultural waqf models in Indonesia and Türkiye, focusing on institutional governance, integration with Islamic finance, and their implications for food security outcomes. Using a qualitative comparative case-study approach, the research draws on document analysis, regulatory review, and semi-structured interviews with waqf stakeholders in both countries. The findings reveal that the effectiveness and scalability of agricultural waqf are determined less by land availability than by institutional quality, particularly nazhir professionalism, regulatory coherence, and state–market coordination. Indonesia’s agricultural waqf remains fragmented, characterized by weak documentation, limited financial integration, and reliance on voluntary management, while Türkiye demonstrates a more standardized and centralized governance legacy rooted in Ottoman waqf institutions. The study further finds that productive agricultural waqf requires a full-cycle financing architecture, in which zakat provides initial de-risking support, waqf functions as an asset-based risk absorber, and Islamic commercial finance supplies profit-sharing working capital through Shariah-compliant contracts such as muzāra‘ah and ijārah. Evaluated through the lens of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, particularly ḥifẓ al-nafs and ḥifẓ al-māl, agricultural waqf can contribute to sustainable food security when embedded within integrated value chains and outcome-oriented governance frameworks aligned with SDG 2.

Keywords: agricultural waqf; sustainable food security; Islamic social finance; maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah; Indonesia–Türkiye comparison


Full Text:

PDF

References


al-Ghazali. (n.d.). al-Mustashfa min ‘Ilm al-Ushul. Dar al-Fikr.

Al-Tulaibawi, A., de Frutos Madrazo, P., & Martín-Cervantes, P. A. (2024). Waqf: An Advanced Approach to Combating Agricultural Land Fragmentation in Islamic Countries. World, 5(4), 1386–1403.

Alami, F. N., & Mohammad, W. (2024). Maqasid Al-Sharia Application on Food Security in Indonesia. Seriat Ekonomisi, 1(3), 95–102.

Ali Azizan, N., Muhamat, A. A., Syed Alwi, S. F., Ali, H., & Abdullah, A. Q. C. (2022). Revitalising Waqf (endowment) lands for agribusiness: potentials of the anchor company models. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 12(3), 345–370.

Altay, B., & Bulut, M. (2025). Determinants of cash waqf finance capital in the Ottoman Empire: an empirical investigation. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management.

Babacan, M. (2011). Economics of philanthropic institutions, regulation and governance in Turkey.

Bartlett, L., & Vavrus, F. (2016). Rethinking case study research: A comparative approach. Routledge.

Béné, C. (2020). Resilience of local food systems and links to food security–A review of some important concepts in the context of COVID-19 and other shocks. Food Security, 12(4), 805–822.

Bernard, H. R., Wutich, A., & Ryan, G. W. (2016). Analyzing qualitative data: Systematic approaches. SAGE publications.

Peraturan Badan Wakaf Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Badan Wakaf Indonesia, (2021).

Chao, K. (2024). Family farming in climate change: Strategies for resilient and sustainable food systems. Heliyon, 10(7).

Çizakça, M. (2011). Islamic capitalism and finance: Origins, evolution and the future. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Cizakca, M., & Draft, F. (2000). History Of Awqaf In The Ottoman Empire And The Turkish Republic.

Clapp, J., Moseley, W. G., Burlingame, B., & Termine, P. (2022). The case for a six-dimensional food security framework. Food Policy, 106, 102164.

Demirhan, D., Susmuş, T., & Gönen, S. (2012). Cash Waqfs and Their Accounting Applications at the End of the 18th Century in the Ottoman Empire. Ataturk University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences, 26.

Dirie, K. A., Alam, M. M., & Maamor, S. (2024). Islamic social finance for achieving sustainable development goals: a systematic literature review and future research agenda. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 40(4), 676–698.

Ercan, O. (2024). Agricultural land-based functional model for effective rural land management in Türkiye. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 30(3), 526–545.

Faujiah, A., & Hamidiyah, E. (2022). Nazhir Capacity Building in Waqf Management Through The Nazhir Waqf Certification Program in East Java. Proceedings of Annual Conference on Community Engagement, 3, 163–176.

Fauzi, A. (2025). Problematika Wakaf di Indonesia. Suara Muhammadiyah. https://suaramuhammadiyah.id/read/problematika-wakaf-di-indonesia

Government of Indonesia. (2006). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 42 Tahun 2006 Tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf.

Gundogdu, A. S. (2023). Food Security and Poverty: Assuring Supply-Side Stability. In Food Security, Affordable Housing, and Poverty: An Islamic Finance Perspective (pp. 57–86). Springer.

Hafizd, J. Z. (2021). Kedudukan Wakaf Dalam Ekonomi Dan Strategi Pengembangannya. Mahkamah: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 6(1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/mahkamah.v6i1.7854

Hafizd, J. Z. (2022). Pengembangan Wakaf Tunai Melalui Dakwah Berbasis Masjid. ORASI: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 13(1), 109–120.

Hussin, R., Rashid, R. A., & Yaakub, N. I. (2018). Legal Framework Governing Waqf Implementation in Malaysian Universities: Lessons Learnt from Turkish Legal Frameworks. Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2016) Social Sciences, 477–487.

Iqbal, M. (2024). Tantangan dan Peluang Pengembangan Wakaf Tunai dalam Filantropi Islam Indonesia. RELIGI: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 2(2).

Isman, A. F., Mansyur, A., & Wardani, A. (2023). Realizing the SDGs through Zakat: The Maqāsid al-Syari’ah Perspective at Zakat Institutions in Indonesia. Muslim Business and Economics Review, 2(1), 143–170.

Jannah, M., Sarkawi, A. A., Othman, J., & Ali, K. M. (2024). Management Strategies of a Productive Waqf-Based Forest in Bogor, Indonesia. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 12(3), 741–759.

Kahf, M. (2003). The role of waqf in improving the ummah welfare. International Seminar on Waqf as a Private Legal Body, 6(1), 1–26.

Khan, F. U., Nouman, M., Negrut, L., Abban, J., Cismas, L. M., & Siddiqi, M. F. (2024). Constraints to agricultural finance in underdeveloped and developing countries: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 22(1), 2329388.

Kızılkaya, N. (2025). Debates on the legitimacy of family foundations in the shadow of nineteenth-and twentieth-century Ottoman centralization policies. Middle Eastern Studies, 1–19.

Law. (2004a). Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf (Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf).

Law. (2004b). Undang-Undang RI Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf [The Republic of Indonesia Law Number 41 of 2004 on Waqf].

Majelis Ulama Indonesia. (2002). Fatwa MUI No. 29 tentang Wakaf Uang. In Majelis Ulama Indonesia (pp. 405–411). Majelis Ulama Indonesia.

Malahayati, M., & Anggraeni, L. (2025). Islamic Waqf: A Tool for Sustainable Forest Conservation and Livelihoods in Indonesia. In Islamic Financial Markets and Institutions: Challenges, Financial Stability, and Inclusivity (pp. 275–299). Springer.

Mekonnen, S. A., Jalata, D. D., & Onyeaka, H. (2024). Building resilience in Sub‐Saharan Africa’s food systems.

Ningsih, N. F. (2025). Regulasi Wakaf di Indonesia Masih Tertinggal, Saatnya Belajar dari Luar Negeri. Tribunnews.Com. https://aceh.tribunnews.com/2025/07/01/regulasi-wakaf-di-indonesia-masih-tertinggal-saatnya-belajar-dari-luar-negeri

Noort, M. W. J., Renzetti, S., Linderhof, V., du Rand, G. E., Marx-Pienaar, N. J. M. M., de Kock, H. L., Magano, N., & Taylor, J. R. N. (2022). Towards sustainable shifts to healthy diets and food security in sub-Saharan Africa with climate-resilient crops in bread-type products: A food system analysis. Foods, 11(2), 135.

Olarewaju, O. O., Fawole, O. A., Baiyegunhi, L. J. S., & Mabhaudhi, T. (2025). Integrating sustainable agricultural practices to enhance climate resilience and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: a multidisciplinary perspective. Sustainability, 17(14), 6259.

Özer, D. M., Sokolowski, S. W., Haddock, M. A., & Salamon, L. M. (2016). Turkey’s Nonprofit Sector in Comparative Perspective. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Center for Civil Society Studies, Available Online: Http://Ccss. Jhu. Edu/Wp-Content/Uploads/Downloads/2017/01/Turkey_Comparative-Report_ FINAL. Pdf.

Pane, S. G. (2025). Productive Waqf and Innovation of Sharia Social Instruments: Strategies for Strengthening the Ummah’s Economy. Journal of Management, Economic, and Accounting, 4(2), 1085–1090.

Roslan, N., & Muhamad, N. H. N. (2024). Waqf reporting standardization: Towards a comprehensive governance framework. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 15(3), 411–430.

Sukmana, R., Ratnasari, R. T., Majid, R., & Mohd Shafiai, M. H. (2024). Designing waqf-based financing model for livestock project: empirical evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 17(3), 599–617.

Supriyadi, H., & Hasanuddin, M. (2025). Integrasi Wakaf dalam Kebijakan Fiskal: Analisa Tantangan dan Peluang penerapan di Indonesia. J-CEKI: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah, 4(3), 191–198.

Wahyudi, M. I., Safiudin, S., Kurniawan, A. F., & Syafrizal, R. (2024). Transforming the Role of Pesantren in Food Security and Economy through Smart Farming LifeCycle. Santri: Journal of Pesantren and Fiqh Sosial, 5(2), 199–210.

Zainal, V. R. (2016). Pengelolaan dan pengembangan wakaf produktif. Al-Awqaf: Jurnal Wakaf Dan Ekonomi Islam, 9(1), 1–16.




DOI: 10.24235/jm.v10i2.22151

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 0 times
PDF - 0 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.