PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM NASIONAL PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MANDIRI PERDESAAN (PNPM-MPd) DI KABUPATEN CIREBON

Abstract

Mengentaskan penduduk dari lingkaran kemiskinan diperlukan kebijaksanaan, organisasi, komitmen dan program, serta pendekatan yang tepat, maka diluncurkan program khusus penanggulangan kemiskinan dengan mendorong semangat keswadayaan dan kemandirian penduduk miskin yang produktif untuk bersama melepaskan diri dari kemiskinan. Dalam program khusus ini dibentuk kelompok-kelompok swadaya dengan semangata kooperatif yang dikembangkan di kalangan masyarakat desa. Kebijaksanaan tersebut dituangkan dalam program PNPM-MPd. Pertanyaan penelitiannya adalah bagaimana perencanaan PNPM-MPd di kabupaten Cirebon? Bagaimana pelaksanaan PNPM-MPd di kabupaten cirebon ? dan apakah manfaat, kendala pelaksanaan PNPM-MPd di kabupaten Cirebon? Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pemberdayaan ekonomi melalui pelaksanaan PNPM-MPd di kabupaten Cirebon, untuk mengetahui kondisi ekonomi masyarakat desa di kabupaten Cirebon. Pendekatan yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis kualitatif, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan studi kepustakaan, dengan lokasi penelitian dalam pembahasan ini adalah masyarakat desa di kabupaten Cirebon. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kondisi ekonomi masyarakat di beberapa desa di kabupaten Cirebon dalam keadaan perlu ditingkatkan dengan pemberdayaan ekonomi melalui PNPM-MPd yang meliputi tahap perencanaan yaitu MAD-soaialisasi, Musdes-sosialisasi, Pelantikan KPMD, Penggalian gagasan, Musdes khusus perempuan, Musdes perencanaan, Penulisan usulan, verifikasi usulan, MAD Prioritas usulan, Mad penetapan usulan, Musdes informasi hasil MAD, SKPD (satuan kerja perangkat desa), pelasanaan PNPM-MPd dilasanakan oleh Tim pelaksana teknis desa dan oleh Unit pelaksana kegiatan pada tingkat kecamatan yang masing-masing unit pelaksana Kegiatan mendampingi Sembilan desa. Manfaat PNPM-MPd bagi masyarakat desa di kabupaten Cirebon sebagai sarana pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat meningkat dari yang konervatif menjadi inovatif, meningkatnya kesejahteraan masyarakat miskin, terbukanya kesempatan kerja, sumberdaya manusia meningkat dari yang tidak mengerti manajemen keuangan menjadi mengerti dan diterapkan pada pekerjaan selanjutnya. Adapun yang menjadi kendala pelaksanaan PNPM-MPd adalah paradigma perempuan (istri) harus manut laki2(suami), usaha yang modalnya diperoleh dari pinjaman PNPM-MPd bangkrut, uang pinjaman dari PNPM-MPd dipakai ketua kelompok, pengaruh politik desa (akibat pemilihan kuwu) wacana dana hibah.

Kata kunci: Pemberdayaan, Ekonomi, Masyarakat

ABSTRACT
Awakening the citizen from the circle of the poverty needs the wisdom, organization, commitment, program, and the accurate approach. Therefore, the special program to abolish the poverty is needed. This program will encourage the passion of productive self-sufficiency and independence of the poor citizen to simultaneously release them from the poverty. In this special program, the groups of the self-help are established with the cooperative passion which is developed in the circle of the village citizen. That wisdom is put into the program of PNPM-MPd. The research questions are that how is the planning of the PNPM-MPd in the district of Cirebon? How is the implementation of the PNPM-MPd in the district of Cirebon? And what are the benefits, obstacles of the implementation of PNPM-MPd in the district of Cirebon? The aims of this research are to know the economic empowering through the implementation of PNPM-MPd in the district of Cirebon, to know the economic condition of the village citizen in the district of Cirebon. The approach used in this research is the judicial qualitative approach, the data collection is conducted through the observation, interview, documentation study, and the location of the research in this explanation is the village citizen of the Cirebon district. The result of this research is that the economic condition of the citizen in several villages in the district of Cirebon needs to be increased with the economic empowering through the program of PNPM-MPd which consists of the planning step, namely socialization of MAD (musyawarah antar desa), socialization of Musdes, KPMD inauguration, search of the suggestion priority, women special Musdes, Musdes of planning, suggestion writing, suggestion verification, MAD of the suggestion priority, Mad of suggestion decision, Musdes of result information of MAD, SKPD (satuan kerja perangkat desa), the implementation of the PNPM-MPd is conducted by the organizer technical team of the village and by the unit of event organizer in the level of sub-district that each of the organizer unit accompanies the nine villages. The benefit of the PNPM-MPd for the village citizen in the district of Cirebon is as the method of citizen economic empowering that increases from conerfative to be inovative, increases the prosperity of the poor people, opens the job vacancy, increases the human resources from those who do not understand the financial management to be those who understand and apply it in the next job. The obstacles of the PNPM-MPd implementation are that the paradigm that the women (wife) must obey the husband, the fund got from the debt of bankrupt PNPM-MPd, the fund got from the debt of bankrupt PNPM-MPd is used by the chief of the group, the influence of the village politic (the election of the village head), the discourse of the donation fund.

Key words: empowering, economic, citizen