STUDI HADIS TENTANG POSISI KENCING BERDIRI DAN RESEPSINYA PADA KELAS MENENGAH MUSLIM PERKOTAAN

Ahmad Zaenuri(1*), Romlah Abubakar Askar(2), Nurul Aini Pakaya(3),


(1) Faculty Of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo
(2) Faculty Of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
(3) Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


At least two forms of Hadith narrations show how to urinate (bawl) as practiced by the Prophet. On the one hand, prophetic practice shows that it is permissible to urinate in a standing position (bala qaiman), as in many Hadiths narrated by Hudhayfah. However, on the other hand, there was a prohibition against this practice, as narrated by Jabir bin ‘Abdullah and 'Aisyah. This discussion attempts to analyze hadith criticism (naqd al-hadith) both in terms of sand and matan and examines the reception process of these Hadiths in the modern era, especially among the urban Muslim middle class, with the increasing number of urinals in public facilities and worship. The results of this study concluded that based on an analysis of the sanad Hadith, which explained that the Prophet had urinated in a standing position was sahih. While the Hadith narrated by Jabir bin ‘Abdullah in the book of Sunan Ibn Majah, explains that the Prophet urinated in a sitting position was very weak (syadid al-daif). This Hadith is then corroborated in another Hadith narrated by 'Aishah. However, based on the results of a compromise in the meaning of the Hadith, this history has a different meaning. The Prophet urinated, standing up in a situation that did not allow the Prophet to sit because he was in a garbage dump, while in general, the Prophet's daily life was to urinate in a sitting position. Thus, there is no conflict between the narrations of Jabir bin Abdullah and 'Aishah and Hudhayfah. The reception of the Hadith of urinating in a sitting position is excellent. Most urban Muslim communities accept this Hadith and say prophetic practice recommends urinating and sitting down. On the other hand, the public does not understand many Hadiths regarding standing urination positions. This seems to be formed more by the construction of fiqh, which emphasizes the importance of urinating in a sitting position.

 

Sedikitnya terdapat dua bentuk riwayat hadis yang menunjukkan cara dalam melakukan kencing (bawl) sebagaimana dipraktikkan Nabi. Pada satu sisi, praktik kenabian menunjukkan kebolehan kencing dilakukan dengan posisi berdiri (bala qa‘iman), sebagaimana banyak hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Hudhayfah. Namun demikian juga sebaliknya, ditemukan pelarangan akan praktik tersebut sebagaimana diriwayatkan oleh Jabir bin ‘Abdullah dan‘Aishah ra. Bahasan ini berusaha melakukan analisis kritik hadis (naqdu al-hadits) baik dari segi sanad maupun matan serta menelaah proses resepsi hadis tersebut pada era modern, khususnya pada kelas menengah muslim perkotaan, dengan semakin banyaknya urinoir pada fasilitas publik dan ibadah. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan analisis terhadap sanad hadis yang menerangkan bahwa Nabi pernah kencing dalam posisi berdiri adalah sahih. Sementara hadis yang diriwayatkan Jabir bin Abdullah dalam kitab Sunan Ibn Majah, yang menerangkan bahwa nabi kencing dalam posisi duduk adalah sangat lemah (shadid al-da’if). Hadis tersebut kemudian dikuatkan dalam hadis yang lain yang diriwayatkan dari Aishah. Namun berdasarkan hasil kompromi dalam pemaknaan hadis, riwayat ini memiliki maksud makna yang berbeda. Nabi melakukan kencing berdiri dalam keadaan yang tidak memungkinkan nabi duduk, karena berada pada tempat pembuangan sampah, sementara secara umum keseharian Nabi adalah kencing dalam posisi duduk. Dengan demikian maka antara riwayat Jabir bin Abdullah dan ‘Aishah serta Hudhayfah tidak terdapat pertentangan di dalamnya. Resepsi terhadap hadis kencing dalam posisi duduk sangat baik. Sebagian besar masyarakat muslim perkotaan menerima hadis tersebut dan menyebut bahwa praktik kenabian menganjurkan untuk kencing secara duduk. Namun sebaliknya, hadis tentang posisi kencing berdiri banyak tidak difahami oleh masyarakat. Hal demikian sepertinya lebih banyak dibentuk oleh konstruksi fikih yang banyak menekankan pentingnya kencing dalam posisi duduk.


Keywords


Hadith; Urinating Standing; Reception.

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DOI: 10.24235/diyaafkar.v11i1.14947

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