Tingkat Literasi Keuangan Syariah Di Kalangan UMKM Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Perkembangan Usaha
(1) IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon
(2) 
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Abstrak
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Rendahnya kinerja UMKM di Indonesia salah satunya disebabkan oleh kurangnya akses pemodalan. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh minimnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman UMKM terhadap keberadaan lembaga keuangan, yang dikenal dengan sebutan literasi keuangan. Berdasarkan hasil survey yang dilakukan Otorisasi Jasa Keuangan (OJK) pada tahun 2013 bahwa tingkat literasi keuangan penduduk Indonesia terbagi menjadi empat kategori, yaitu well literate (21,84%), sufficient literate (75,69%), less literate (2,06%), dan not literate (0,41%). Saat ini keuangan syariah makin berkembang pesat dengan banyaknya lembaga-lembaga keuangan syariah yang menawarkan produk dan jasa keuangan berlandaskan syariat Islam. Tetapi faktanya keuangan syariah hingga saat ini masih memiliki pangsa pasar yang rendah di negara Indonesia yang mayoritas penduduknya muslim. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat literasi keuangan syariah di kalangan UMKM khususnya pedagang kaki lima di kawasan Masjid Raya At-Taqwa Kota Cirebon, untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat literasi keuangan syariah di kalangan UMKM di kawasan Masjid Raya At-Taqwa Kota Cirebon, dan untuk mengetahui dampak tingkat literasi keuangan syariah terhadap perkembangan usaha UMKM di kawasan Masjid Raya At-Taqwa Kota Cirebon.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah descriptive survey dan explanatory surve. Â Jumlah responden 31 UMKM, yang 87 persen adalah pedagang kaki lima. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Data hasil kuesioner diuji asumsi klasik (uji normalitas, heterokedastisitas, multikolinearitas, dan autokorelasi). Analisis deskriptif dilakukan terhadap data hasil penelitian, kemudian dilakukan uji regresi berganda untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel yang diteliti.
Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah hanya variabel lama usaha dan jumlah karyawan yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial knowledge. Seluruh variabel demografi (lokasi, usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, jenis usaha, lama usaha, modal awal, sumber modal, pendapatan, dan jumlah karyawan) tidak mempengaruhi financial behaviour dan financial attitude para pedagang kaki lima. Hanya financial behaviour saja yang mempengaruhi perkembangan usaha para pedagang kaki lima, sementara financial knowledge dan financial attitude tidak mempengaruhi perkembangan usaha.
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Kata Kunci:Â Literasi Keuangan Syariah, UMKM, Pedagang Kaki Lima, Perkembangan Usaha
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Abstract
The low performance of MSMEs in Indonesia is caused by the lack of access to capital. This can be caused by the lack of knowledge and understanding of MSMEs on the existence of financial institutions, known as financial literacy. Based on the results of a survey conducted by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in 2013 that the level of financial lteracy of Indonesian population is divided into four categories, namely well literate (21,84%), sufficient literate (75,69%), less literate (2,06%), and not literate (0,41%). Currently sharia finance is growing rapidly with the number of Islamic financial institutions that offer products and financial services based on Islamic Sharia. But the fact that Islamic finance to date still has a low market share in the majority moeslem country of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of Islamic financial literacy among SMEs, especially street vendors in the area of At-Taqwa Mosque Cirebon City, to determine the factors that affect the level of Sharia financial literacy among MSMEs in the area At-Taqwa Mosque Cirebon City, and to know the impact of the level of sharia financial literacy on the development of SMEs in the area of At-Taqwa Mosque Cirebon City.  Â
The research methode used in this descriptive survey and explanatory survey. Number of respondents 31 SMEs, of which 87% are street vendors. Data collection using research instruments in the form of questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability. The results of the questionnaires tested the classical assumptions (test of normality, heterocedasticity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation). Descriptive analysis conducted on the data of research results, then multiple regression test to determine the relationship between variables studied.
The result of the research is only the old variable of business and the number of employees that have significant effect on the financial knowledge. All demographic variables (location, age, gender, education, type of business, length of business, initial capital, source of capital, income, and number of employees) do not affect the financial behaviour and financial attitude of street traders. Only financial behaviour alone affects the business development of street traders, while financial knowledge and financial attitude does not affect business development.
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Keywords: Sharia Financial Literacy, SMEs, Street Traders, Business DevelopmentFull Text:
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Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2008
DOI: 10.24235/amwal.v10i1.2837
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