Semantic Reception of Khilafiyyah Hadith and the Production of Horizontal Religious Conflict in Indonesia

Muhandis Azzuhri; Faliqul Isbah; Abdul Basith; M. Fairuz Rosyid; Ana Faila Sufa

doi:10.24235/ibtikar.v14i2.23653

Semantic Reception of Khilafiyyah Hadith and the Production of Horizontal Religious Conflict in Indonesia

Muhandis Azzuhri^(1*), Faliqul Isbah⁽²⁾, Abdul Basith⁽³⁾, M. Fairuz Rosyid⁽⁴⁾, Ana Faila Sufa⁽⁵⁾,

(1) Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan
(2) Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan
(3) Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan
(4) Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan
(5) Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

This study examines how differing semantic receptions of ḥadīth khilāfiyyah among Islamic mass organizations (ormas Islam) in Indonesia contribute to horizontal conflict and prolonged religious controversy, thereby challenging the spirit of religious moderation. The research aims to analyze how identical ḥadīth texts generate divergent meanings and truth claims that shape social exclusion and intergroup tensions. Employing a qualitative approach, this study investigates selected ḥadīth khilāfiyyah from kutub al-tis‘ah as the material object and the contested receptions of Islamic organizational figures as the formal object. Data were collected through textual documentation of ḥadīth and their commentaries, online observation of national news reporting religious conflicts, and semi-structured interviews with relevant actors. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, encompassing data reduction, display, and verification, and was further interpreted through the reception theory framework of Hans Robert Jauss and Wolfgang Iser. The findings reveal that key semantic gaps within specific ḥadīth phrases—such as bid‘ah, al-jamā‘ah, and khālifū—enable exclusive interpretations that are institutionalized as truth claims by dominant groups. These receptions function performatively, legitimizing practices of stigmatization, rejection of mosques, dissolution of religious gatherings, and marginalization of minority groups. The study concludes that horizontal religious conflict is rooted not in the ḥadīth texts themselves but in closed semantic receptions, underscoring the necessity of hermeneutical awareness and semantic literacy to strengthen religious moderation.

Key words: ḥadīth khilāfiyyah; semantic reception; Islamic mass organizations; horizontal conflict.

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana perbedaan resepsi semantik terhadap hadis-hadis khilafiyah di kalangan organisasi massa Islam (ormas Islam) di Indonesia berkontribusi pada terjadinya konflik horizontal dan kontroversi keagamaan yang berkepanjangan, sehingga menantang semangat moderasi beragama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana teks hadis yang sama dapat menghasilkan makna dan klaim kebenaran yang berbeda-beda, yang kemudian membentuk praktik eksklusi sosial dan ketegangan antarkelompok. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini mengkaji sejumlah hadis khilafiyah yang bersumber dari kutub al-tis‘ah sebagai objek material, serta resepsi yang diperdebatkan di kalangan tokoh ormas Islam sebagai objek formal. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui dokumentasi teks hadis dan kitab syarahnya, observasi daring terhadap pemberitaan nasional terkait konflik keagamaan, serta wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan aktor-aktor terkait. Analisis data mengikuti model Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, serta ditafsirkan lebih lanjut menggunakan kerangka teori resepsi Hans Robert Jauss dan Wolfgang Iser. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa celah-celah semantik pada frasa hadis tertentu—seperti bid‘ah, al-jamā‘ah, dan khālifū—memungkinkan lahirnya tafsir eksklusif yang dilembagakan sebagai klaim kebenaran oleh kelompok dominan. Resepsi tersebut berfungsi secara performatif dalam melegitimasi praktik stigmatisasi, penolakan masjid, pembubaran kegiatan keagamaan, serta peminggiran kelompok minoritas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa konflik keagamaan horizontal tidak bersumber dari teks hadis itu sendiri, melainkan dari resepsi semantik yang tertutup, sehingga diperlukan kesadaran hermeneutik dan literasi semantik untuk memperkuat moderasi beragama.

Kata kunci: hadis khilafiyah; resepsi semantik; organisasi massa Islam; konflik horizontal.

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DOI: 10.24235/ibtikar.v14i2.23653